Distinguishing between Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and low self-esteem can be challenging, as both can involve negative perceptions of one's appearance. However, there are certain patterns and behaviors that parents can look for to help differentiate between the two:

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD):

BDD is a mental health disorder characterized by an obsessive focus on perceived flaws or defects in one's appearance, even when those flaws are minimal or nonexistent. Individuals with BDD often engage in compulsive behaviors or mental rituals to manage their distress. BDD significantly impacts daily life and can cause severe emotional distress. BDD may be the beginning of an eating disorder.  

Signs of Body Dysmorphic Disorder:

1. Obsessive Focus on Appearance: An intense preoccupation with specific body parts or features, often leading to excessive checking, grooming, or seeking reassurance.

2. Significant Distress: The perceived flaws cause intense emotional distress, anxiety, or depression.

3. Time-Consuming Rituals: Engaging in repetitive behaviors like mirror checking, comparing oneself to others, or seeking cosmetic procedures to alleviate distress.

4. Avoidance: Avoiding situations where the perceived flaw might be visible or trying to camouflage it with clothing or makeup.

5. Impaired Functioning: The preoccupation with appearance interferes with daily activities, relationships, and overall quality of life.

6. Difficulty Accepting Reassurance: Even if others try to reassure the individual that their perceived flaw isn't as significant as they believe, they struggle to accept it.

7. Distorted Perception: The perceived flaw is often exaggerated or distorted in the person's mind.

Low Self-Esteem:

Low self-esteem refers to a general negative view of oneself that affects self-worth and self-confidence. It can lead to feelings of inadequacy, but it might not necessarily involve the intense preoccupation with specific body parts that is characteristic of BDD.

Signs of Low Self-Esteem:

1. Negative Self-Perception: A pervasive feeling of not being good enough, smart enough, attractive enough, etc.

2. Lack of Self-Confidence: Feeling unsure of one's abilities or doubting oneself frequently.

3. Comparing to Others: Frequently comparing oneself to others and feeling inferior.

4. Generalized Self-Criticism: A tendency to criticize oneself across various aspects of life, not solely focused on appearance.

5. Impact on Mood: Low self-esteem can contribute to feelings of sadness, frustration, or anxiety.

Differentiation and Seeking Help

It's important to note that BDD can coexist with low self-esteem or other mental health conditions. If you're a parent concerned about your child's well-being, it's advisable to seek professional help from a mental health practitioner at Kairos Wellness Collective who specializes in these areas. An accurate diagnosis is essential for developing an effective treatment plan. If you're unsure, a mental health professional can provide a thorough assessment and guidance based on your child's specific behaviors and experiences. Natalia Aiza is the lead therapist, and does most of the new client assessments in our center.