Terpenes and the Science behind Shinrin-Yoku

Looking more closely at the science behind forest bathing- It's easy to say that being in the forest and strolling among the trees is relaxing and calming to the nervous system but what is truly happening in our bodies when we practice shinrin-yoku?  

Terpenes may be the chemical component that causes our bodies to become regulated and that is responsible for the relaxation feeling we get when we hike or walk in nature. In a recent study, there has been evidence that people in nature had higher parasympathetic nervous activity (rest and digest) and lower sympathetic nervous activity (flight or fight). Cortisol levels and pulse rate were also lower when people were in nature. Terpenes are found in higher concentration in pines and in clusters of trees and varied vegetation. So here’s a short list of terpenes, their benefits, and what plants you can find them in.

Alpha-Pinene

You may have guessed it from just the name, but this terpene is found in conifer trees like Pine. Surprisingly, you can also find it in rosemary, eucalyptus, and orange peels. Alpha-Pinene has been used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-ulcerogenic, a memory aid, it has some gastroprotective properties, AND there have been studies done on its ability to arrest cancer growth.

D-Limonene

To find D-Limonene, look for citrus fruits. It is commonly found in oranges, limes, lemons, and grapefruits and has a wide array of benefits. It’s most known benefits are its ability to reduce heartburn and acid-reflux, reduce inflammation, dissolves gallstones, promotes metabolic balance and weight loss, reduces anxiety and stress, and it’s a powerful antioxidant.

Myrcene

This is one of the most common terpenes. You can find myrcene in hops, wild thyme, cardamom, mango, bay leaves, lemongrass, and even eucalyptus. And the benefits are just as varied. This terpene has been used as a sleep-aid, analgesic, an anti-inflammatory, and an anti-mutagenic. Also, because of this terpenes ability to affect the blood-brain barrier, it can improve the effectiveness of other terpenes too! This makes myrcene a great addition to any terpene blend.

Beta-Caryophyllene

This is mostly found in black pepper. It is one of the more notably spicy terpenes and can also be found in black caraway, cloves, basil, rosemary, oregano, and cinnamon. This is another analgesic that can slow the growth of bacteria, help relieve depression and anxiety, and reduce inflammation. 

Terpinolene

It is often noted to have woody overtones and a hint of citric sweetness.  Terpinolene can be found in tea tree, lilac, cumin, nutmeg, and apples. This terpene is often used for its antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and sedative properties.

Linalool

This commonly used terpene has a floral, slightly sweet scent. While it’s most often associated with lavender, you can also find this terpene in mints, laurels, cinnamon, rosewood, birch trees, and some citrus fruits. Just some of its benefits include being an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-epileptic, a sedative, and anxiolytic.